William Mills nos presenta siete relatos en náhuatl, grabados en Zongolica, Veracruz, en junio de 1988. El narrador fue Fermín Tlaxcala Xicalhua, quien en ese tiempo contaba con 24 años y era originario de San Martín Atlahuilco, cabecera municipal de Atlahuilco, Veracruz. Tomó varios años tanto la transcripción como la traducción de los textos, y resultó indispensable la ayuda de Fermín en las etapas finales de esta última. De acuerdo con Mills, el compilador, tres de las historias manejan la temática del agua, como “La mujer y el agua” y “San Isidro Labrador”, que son alegorías acerca de la importancia de compartir el agua, y “Los dos niños”, que relata el origen milagroso de un manantial; las demás tratan temas diversos: “San Martín Caballero” aborda la actitud vergonzosa respecto a un santo, “El coyote y el tlacuache” representa una historia animal trágica y a la vez divertida, “La piedra dorada” es un cuento de la buena suerte seguida de la mala suerte en la ciudad, y en “El fin del mundo” se incorpora un conejo sabio a una variación del relato bíblico de la inundación. En la transcripción de los textos Mills presenta observaciones relativas a la variación dialectal del náhuatl de la Sierra de Zongolica, además de la traducción al español y al inglés.
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Mills, W., & Tlaxcala Xicalhua, F. (2011). Nahuatl Folk Tales from Zongolica, Veracruz. Tlalocan, 15. https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.tlalocan.2008.182
I tape recorded these seven Nahuatl folk tales in Zongolica, Veracruz in June of 1988, and transcribed and translated them over a period of years. The narrator is Fermín Tlaxcala Xicalhua, from San Martín Atlahuilco, the cabecera of the municipio of Atlahuilco, Veracruz. He was 24 years old at the time he told the stories. His assistance was also indispensable in the final stage of the translations.
Three of the stories have water as the main theme. Both “The Woman and the Water” and “San Isidro the Farmer” are allegories about the importance of sharing water, while “The Two Children” describes the miraculous origin of a spring.
“San Martin the Horseman” describes the disgraceful treatment of a saint. “The Coyote and the Possum” is a humorous and tragic animal story. “The Golden Stone” is the story of good luck followed by bad luck in the city. Finally, “The End of the World” incorporates a wise rabbit and a variation on the biblical flood theme.
The transcriptions
These are phonetic transcriptions in a practical orthography. I have tried to record as much of the phonetic variation and details as was practical. The Nahuatl transcriptions adopt some Spanish spelling conventions. The sequences qu, gu and hu followed by a vowel are pronounced as [k], [g] and [w], and the letters c before e or i and z are pronounced as [s]. Apostrophes are used as in English contractions to indicate a missing sound. Stress is normally penultimate in Nahuatl. When stress is not penultimate in a multisyllabic word, the stressed vowel has an accent mark. Long vowels are indicated by a colon (:) after the vowel. Vowel length in the transcriptions reflects my own listening judgements.
Dialect features
The Nahuatl spoken in the Sierra de Zongolica has some interesting features. Examples of these are noted in the stories, especially in “The Woman and the Water”.
1. Deletion of word-final /n/ is very common in Zongolica, as in many modern dialects.
2. Both /w/ and /k/ have phonetic variants which occur between vowels. Intervocalic /w/ is often an unrounded voiced bilabial stop or fricative, represented in the transcriptions by b. For example, ihuan ‘and’ is often written as iban to indicate that the /w/ is unrounded.
Similarly, intervocalic /k/ is often pronounced as a voiced velar stop or fricative, represented by g. An example is xiguita ‘look!’.
3. Certain verbs take a -qui past tense singular suffix, parallel to the much more common -que past tense plural suffix. The examples below are taken from the texts:
mócuepqui
‘it turned into something’
otlanqui
‘it ended’
onéhnenqui
‘he walked’
oquitláhtlanqui
‘he asked for it’
oquítequi
‘he cut it’
ocuálanqui
‘he became angry’
4. As the above examples show, past tense singular -qui is often accompanied by antepenult stress. Antepenult stress also occurs frequently with the absolutive suffixes -tli and -li (but not -tl) and the plural noun suffix -ti(n). Rarely, antepenult stress occurs with the -meh noun plural suffix, the -que past tense plural suffix and the -ni and -qui nominalizing suffixes:
tlámantli
‘thing’
pinotláhtolli
‘foreign language’
macébaltih
‘common people’
- the -tin plural noun suffix often becomes -ti(h
cámohtin
‘sweet potatoes’
nó:chimeh
‘prickly pear fruits’
onéhnenque
‘they walked’
técuani
‘coyote’
tiópixqui
‘saint, priest’
These stress changes are at least sometimes optional. A single talker can pronounce a word with antepenult, and at other times with penultimate stress.
5. Word-final [e] is sometimes raised to [i]. This can be confusing, especially when the vowel in the -ke past tense plural suffix is raised to -ki, which is the same as the past tense singular suffix.
6. When it occurs at the end of a syllable, /w/ is devoiced. When the devoiced /w/ retains the bilabial feature, it sounds almost like [f], and is spelled uh, as in xiuhyo ‘leaves’. The /w/ in this environment is also commonly reduced to [h].
Devoicing of /w/ also occurs in the -huan suffix of the three pronouns tehhuan ‘we’, nomehhuan ‘you plural’ and yehhuan ‘they’. The first h in the spelling is pronounced [h], while the following hu is a bilabial devoiced /w/. Note that the spelling of these three words does not indicate the devoicing.
There are a few examples of an unusual sound change involving word-final [w]. The singular past tense forms of the verbs cahua ‘remain’ and chihua ‘make, do’ would be expected to end in a bilabial devoiced w (omocauh and oquichiuh) or [h]. While the word-final segment of these words is often [h], it is never a bilabial devoiced w. Infrequently the past tense forms are omocan and oquichin, suggesting that word-final /w/ becomes [n]. The rarity of this sound change could be due to the strong tendency to delete word-final n. Indeed, a third form with no final consonant (omoca and oquichi) occurs more frequently than omocan and oquichin. This sound change occurs elsewhere.1
The Woman and the Water
1. Nica2 nochi cristiánote macé:baltih3 quemanian nochi motlacobiquibe 'n Tequila, o Zongolica, ibah oc cegui4 yabih hasta Orizaba, pero amo miac.
Aquí toda la gente, la gente común, a veces todos vienen para comprar a Tequila, o Zongolica, y otros van hasta Orizaba, pero no muchos.
Here all of the common people, sometimes everyone comes to shop in Tequila, or Zongolica, and others go to Orizaba, but not many.
Y la mujer que estaba en su casa dijo, dice, “¿Agua? ¿Agua? Aquí no hay agua. Aquí el agua se compra.”
And the woman who is in her house said, she says, “Water? Water? There’s no water here. Here you buy water.”
26. Iban cibatl tlen nehnemi moyolcoco miac.
Y la mujer que camina era muy triste .
And the woman who was walking was very sad.
27. Omoteguipacho. Quemi oquineguia cho:caz .
Se entristeció. Como que quería llorar.
She became really sad. Like she wanted to cry.
28. Porque a:miqui za panoba iba itlamamal ompa nehnemi ohtli.
Porque tiene mucha sed, solamente pasó con su bulto, allá camina por el camino.
Because she was thirsty she just continues on with her baggage, she walks down the road.
29. Iban chicabac tlatotonia.
Y hace muchísimo calor.
And it is extremely hot.
30. Iba onéhnenqui10 canáh eyi ciento metro o menos, iban oahcic ce: tientahtzin tlanamaga ompa refresco. Ompa oquittac in tiópixqui, ompa conitoc ce: limonada o refresco.
Y anduvo como trescientos metros o menos, y llegó a una tienda, se vende allá refrescos. Allá ella vio al sacerdote, allá tomaba una limonada o un refresco.
And she walked three hundred meters or so, and came to a stand where a man was selling soft drinks. There she saw the priest, drinking a lemonade or a soft drink.
31. Quilia, “Neh, nia:miqui.”
Dice, “Yo estoy muriendo de sed.”
She says, “I’m very thirst.”
32. Quilia, “¿Tlen timochiba?”
Él dice, “¿Qué te pasa?”
He says, “What’s the matter?”
33. Quilia, “Neh, nia:miqui.”
Ella dice, “Estoy muriendo de sed.”
She says, “I’m very thirsty.”
34. “Ah,” quilia, “Xiballa, nocone. Xibala.”
“Ah”, dice, “Venga, mi niña. Venga.”
“Ah,” he says, “Come, my child. Come.”
35. Iba oquibigac cana veinte metro o menos iban ocahcoc in tiópixqui ce: tetl.
Y la llevó como veinte metros, más o menos, y levantó el sacerdote una piedra.
And he brought her about twenty meters or so, and the priest lifted up a stone.
36. Iban ompa oquizqui cequi a:tl. Miac a:tl. Hasta xoxobic.
Y allá vino saliendo agua. Mucha agua. Hasta azul.
And some water came pouring out from there. A lot of water. Blue water.
37. Iban popozocatoc in a:tl, ompa oquizqui, mo:mo:lo:ca.
Y el agua fue hirviéndose, allá salió, burbujea.
And the water went boiling out from there, billowing up.
38. Iban quilia, “Xiconi a:tl,” oquihto 'n tiópixqui.
Y dice, “Tome agua”, dijo el sacerdote.
And he says, “Drink the water,” said the priest.
39. Iban cibatl oconic in a:tl cuando oc cequi cibame ompa balaya motlatoba.
Y la mujer tomó el agua, cuando otras mujeres llegaron allá, hablándose.
And the woman drank the water, when some other women came up, talking among themselves.
40. Iban can cibatl oquitláhtlanqui 'n a:tl, 'n ihquin cibatl ompa balmotlaloba, quilia tiópixqui, “Neh igual nicnegui a:tl.”
Y donde la mujer pidió el agua, así esta mujer corre allá y dice al sacerdote, “Yo también quiero agua.”
And where the woman asked for water, this woman also comes running and says to the priest, “I want water too.”
41. Quilia, “¿Teh?”. Quilia, “Teh, a:mo.” Quilia, “Omehhuan a:mo. Zan yeh 'n cibatl iba a:mo oc achi.”
Él dice, “¿Ud.?” Dice, “Ud., no.” Dice, “Uds., no. Solamente ella, esta mujer, y ninguna otra.”
He says, “You?” He says, “You, no.” He says, “None of you. Only her, this woman, and no one else.”
42. Iban ompa omogahque ome yolgogohque ciba:me, a:mo guimagac in a:tl in tiópixqui.
Y entonces quedaron tristes las dos mujeres, el sacerdote no les dio el agua.
And then the two women were sad that the priest didn’t give them any water.
43. Tiópixqui oguihto, quilia, “A:mo. Zan ye ye: 'n cibatl, za ce: cibatl. Omehhua, a:mo. Nión teh, a:mo.” Ihcón.
El sacerdote dijo, dice, “No. Solamente ella misma, la mujer, solamente una mujer. Uds., no. Ni Ud., no.” Así.
The priest said, he says, “No. Only her, the woman, only one woman. All of you, no. Not you either, no.” Like that.
44. Ompa cibatl cualtzi omoyoloce:bih oconic in a:tl, iba oquito:gac in iohhui para i:chah.
Entonces la mujer se satisfizo bien, tomó el agua, y siguió su camino para su casa.
Then the woman drank the water until she was completely satisfied, and followed the road to her house.
45. Iba oc cequi cibame ihcón omogahque omoyolcocohque, y pero achto quitlahtlani cibatl, quilia, “¿Aquin teh?”
Y las otras mujeres así estaban, tristes, pero primero una mujer le pregunta, dice, “¿Quién es Ud.?”
And the other women were sad like this, but first a woman asks him, she says, “Who are you?”
Una vez se encontraron dos animales, un coyote y un tlacuache se encontraron, y anduvieron en el campo, entonces salieron juntos donde hay un campo sembrado de nopal.
Once two animals met, a coyote and a possum met, and they walked in the countryside, then they came out together in a field where there are many plantings of sweet fruits.
Y el tlacuache fue y cortó otra tuna, y dijo al coyote, dice, “Cierra los ojos y abre la boca.” Y dice, “Te daré la (fruta) dulce.”
And the possum went and cut another fruit, and he said to the coyote, he says, “Close your eyes, and open your mouth.” And he says, “I’ll give you the sweet fruit.”
18. Ne:lli coyote oquitlapo 'n i:camac iban i:hcopitoca.
De veras el coyote abrió la boca y cerró los ojos.
The coyote really did open his mouth and close his eyes.
19. Ibá tlacuatzin oquitlalili 'n no:chtin nochi 'ban ibi:tzoh.
Y el tlacuache puso las tunas todas con sus espinas.
And the possum put in all the prickly pear fruits with their thorns.
Dice, “Pues tengo mucha hambre, y quiero que cuides mis guajolotes, y mientras yo vaya para comer. Y no me voy a demorar, ahorita vengo. Rápido vengo.”
He says, “Well, I’m really hungry, and I want you to watch my turkeys and let me go eat. And I won’t be gone long, I’ll come back soon. I’ll come back quickly.”
Y el coyote esperó, horas y horas estaba esperándole. El tlacuache no llega.
And the coyote waited, for hours and hours he waited for him. The possum doesn’t arrive.
47. Quihtoba 'n te:cuani, 'toba, “Axan ¿tlen nicchibaz?, na:pizmiqui miac. Huan tlacuatzi viejo a:mo bitz. Neh na:pizmiqui.” Quihtobá:, oquihto te:cuani, quihtoba, “tla na:pizmigui ma: nicua 'n ce: to:tolin o o:mi.”
Dice el coyote, dice, “Ahora ¿qué voy a hacer?, tengo mucha hambre. Y el tlacuache viejo no viene. Yo tengo hambre.” Dice, dijo el coyote, dice, “si tengo hambre que yo coma un guajolote o dos.”
Says the coyote, he says, “Now what will I do, I am very hungry. And the old possum isn’t coming. I’m hungry.” Says the coyote, he says, “Since I’m hungry I should eat one or two turkeys.”
48. Hua yi nelli te:cuani opeh guinguitzquiá, quihtoba, “¿Quiquitzquiz ce:n to:toli? A:mo cualti. Opátlanqui. ¿Quiquitzquiz oc ce:? A:mo cualti. Igual opatlan.”14 Oc ce quiquitzquiz, ihuan a:mo cualti. Nochi opátlanque.”
Y en verdad el coyote comenzó a agarrarlos, dice, “¿Agarrar un guajolote? No es posible. Voló. ¿Agarrar otro? No es posible. También voló.” Trató de agarrar otro, pero no pudo. Todos volaron.”
And so the coyote began to catch them, he says, “Catch a turkey? It’s impossible. It flew away. Catch another one? It’s impossible. It flew away too.” He tried to catch another, but he couldn’t. They all flew away.
49. Hasta que nochi opatlanc' ibá a:mo ce: oquitzquizqui.
Dice, “Tu me engañaste. Me pediste cuidar los guajolotes.”
He says, “You tricked me. You told me to watch over the turkeys.”
58. Oquihto tlacuatzi, quihtoba, “¿Neh?” quihtoba, “Neh, a:mo nelli. Ne,” quihtoba, “de por si nica nicha:nti.” Quihtoba, “Ne de por si nica nicha:nti. A:mo neh.”
El tlacuache dijo, dice, “¿Yo?”, dice, “Yo, no es cierto que yo”, dice, “De todos modos, vivo aquí.” Dice, “De todos modos yo vivo aquí. Yo no.”
The possum said, he says, “Me?,” he says, “Me, it really wasn’t me,” he says, “Besides, I live here.” He says, “Besides, I live here. Not me.”
Y allá en la nopalera comieron, y allá hablan, charlaron, y dijo, entonces dijo el tlacuache, dice, “Ahora tú, coyote”, dice, “Ahora aquí te quedarás en mi casa.”
And there in the prickly pear field they ate, and there they talked, they talked and he said, then the possum said, he says, “Now you, coyote,” he says, “ Now you will stay here in my house.”
Dice, dice, “Porque ahora nosotros tendremos una fiesta, ahora es mi fiesta, y van a venir músicos, y tronaremos muchos cohetes. Vamos a tirar muchos cohetes.”
He says, he says, “Because now we will have a party, now it’s my party, and musicians will come, and we’ll set off lots of fireworks. We’ll shoot off lots of fireworks.”
76. “Cuando oticaquiz tlatohtoponi, teh tipebas titzihtzicuiniz, timihto:tiz, iban tehhuan tibalazque nican porque tlatzotzonazque ican violin, ican guitarra, tlatzozonazque cualtzi. Iban miac in cuétetin tiquincacabazque.’’
“Cuando oyes el ruido, tú comenzarás a saltar, a bailar, y nosotros vendremos aquí porque tocarán el violín, la guitarra, tocarán bien. Y tronaremos muchos cohetes.”
“When you hear the booming, you’ll start to jump and dance, and we’ll come here because they’ll play the violin and the guitar, they’ll play well. And we’ll set off lots of fireworks.”
Una vez llegó un hombre con sus toros, sus animales, y llegó. No sé por qué así sucedió todo eso en Atlahuilco.
Once a man came bringing his bulls, his animals. And he arrived. I don’t know why all of this happened in Atlahuilco.
2. Neh nicma:ti que: inon ta:ta i:toga San Isidro Labrador.
Yo sé que aquel hombre se llama San Isidro Labrador.
I know that that man is called San Isidro the Farmer.
3. Pues onéhnenqui de Tequila ibá opanoc A:tlahuilco.
Pues anduvo de Tequila y pasó para Atlahuilco.
So he walked from Tequila and went to Atlahuilco.
4. Iban ompa can' cahqui 'n age:ncia, o sea tiquihuahca:pan, ompa ce:ntro in Atlahuilco, ompa oquimitac o:me ciba:me tlapa:ca, iban oquimili, quimilia, “¿Naname, tlen onquichibah?”
Y allá donde está la presidencia municipal, o sea presidencia, allá en el centro de Atlahuilco, allá vio dos mujeres que lavaban, y les dijo, les dice, “Señoras, ¿qué hacen allá?”
And there where the municipal building is, that is, the president’s building, there in the center of Atlahuilco, there he saw two women who were washing, and he said to them, he says, “Ladies, what are you doing there?”
Y entonces dijo a la mujer, él dice, dice, “Señora. Dígales a tu gente que quiten sus casas aquí en la barranca. Mañana va a aparecer. Hay un río.”
And then he said to the woman, he says, he says, “Ma’am. Tell your people to prepare their houses here in the ravine. Tomorrow it will appear. There is a river.”
Y la señora dijo, dice, “¿Agua?” Dice, “¿Quién es Ud.?”
And the woman said, she says, “Water?” She says, “Who are you?”
30. Quilia, “¿Neh?” oquihto San Isidro, 'toba, “¿Neh? Neh a:mo ni:ca. Neh za nimitzmo:lbilia que: xiguinabati mocni:bah, ma: guima:chibagan incalba porque mo:ztla pa:notoz in a:tl ni:cah.”
Dice, “¿Yo?”, dijo San Isidro, dice, “¿Yo? Yo no estoy aquí. Solamente le digo a Ud. que les pida a sus hermanos que preparen las casas porque mañana el agua pasará aquí.”
He says, “Me?” said San Isidro, he says, “Me? I am not here. I am just telling you to ask your people to prepare the houses because tomorrow the water will go running through here.”
Y cuando se preocuparon un poco, dicen, “¿Quién puso aquel agua allá? ¿Quién la puso allá?”
And when they became a little troubled, they say, “Who put that water there? Who put it there?”
37. Iba 'n cibatl o:quihto, quihtoba, “Pos ye: 'n ta:tah tle:n ya:la oehcoc nica, i:toca San Isidro Labrador. Iban quibaliga i:toróhhua, i:yo:lcabah.”
Y la mujer dijo, dice, “Pues era él, el hombre que ayer llegó aquí, se llama San Isidro Labrador. Y lleva sus toros, sus animales.”
And the woman said, she says, “Well, it was him, the man who arrived here yesterday, his name is San Isidro Labrador. And he brings his bulls, his animals.”
38. Iban ompa: o:moca 'n ta:tah omp' o:guichi:bilihque 'n i:tiopan.
Y allá donde se quedó el hombre, allá le construyeron su iglesia.
And there where the man stayed, there they constructed his church for him.
39. Ompa oquitlachihchibilihque cualtzi 'n i:tio:pan.
Allá le decoraron bien su iglesia.
There they decorated his church for him beautifully.
40. Huan ompa omocah. Me:ro ye: 'n te:gotl.
Y allá se quedó. Él mismo es el Santo Patrono.
And there he remained. He himself is the patron saint.
41. Mero ye: 'n ta:ta o:mpa tlanabatia a:xca Xoxocotlah.
Allá él mismo, el padre, gobierna Xoxocotla.
There he himself, the father, rules Xoxocotla.
42. Iban i:ilbiuh ca:da cáxto:lli tó:nalli quilbitiliyah de ma:yo, cada xibitl quichi:ba 'n i:lbiuh, cada xibitl, cada i:pan cáxto:lli tó:nalli de ma:yo ompa quichiba in ilbitl.
Y su fiesta cada quince de mayo lo celebran por él, cada año hacen su fiesta cada año, el quince de mayo allá hacen la fiesta.
And his saint’s day they celebrate in his honor every fifteenth of May, every year they have his celebration, every year, on every fifteenth day of May, then they have the celebration.
43. Miac cri:stiánotin bi:tzeh quitlahpaloqui:be ompa Xoxoco:tla mero 'n i:ilbiuh.
Mucha gente viene para visitar Xoxocotla para la fiesta.
Many people come to visit Xoxocotla for the celebration.
44. Bi:tzeh de Tehuipa:ngo, Tlaqui:lpan, Astaci:nga, de ni:ca nochi, de San Juan Texhuaca, de nica de Zongolica, de ompa ne:pa de Temazcala:pan, de Mi:xtla, para tla:ni nica nica nochi yabe, quitlahpaloti:beh, de Tequila, nochi inon cristiánoti yabe ompa.
Vienen de Tehuipango, Tlaquilpan, Astacinga, todos de aquí, de San Juan Texhuacan, de aquí de Zongolica, de allá de Temazcalapan, de Mixtla, aquí para abajo todos van, van para visitarlo, de Tequila, todas esas personas van allá.
They come from Tehuipango, Tlaquilpan, Astacinga, everyone from here, from San Juan Texhuacan, from here from Zongolica, from there from Temazcalapan, from Mixtla, from here they all go down, they go visit it, from Tequila, all those people go there.
45. Quitlahpalotibeh i:pan cá:xtolli de ma:yo.
Lo visitan el quince de mayo.
They visit it on the fifteenth of May.
46. Í:lbibibah cualtzi miac.
Sus fiestas son muy bonitas.
His festivals are very beautiful.
47. Inon a:tl ompo oguite:magac zam para yehhuan, zan para Xoxo:cotla, o se' i:toga 'n cristiánoti yoxoxocotéroti.
Esa agua allá les dio solamente para ellos, solamente para Xoxocotla, o sea el nombre de la gente es ‘yoxoxocotéroti’.
That water he gave them there, only for them, only for Xoxocotla, that is, the name of the people is ‘yoxoxocotéroti’.
48. Zan para l'unicament' zam para yehhua.
Solamente para sólo ellos.
Only for them, just them.
49. Iban inon oquichi 'n tahtah, inon a:tl oyezquia A:tlahuilco, pero comoh quitlazohtlaque 'n San Isidro, omp' oyahc' hasta Xoxo:cotla.
Y eso hizo el hombre, aquel agua que habría estado en Atlahuilco, pero como no lo amaban, o sea no amaban a San Isidro, allá fue para Xoxocotla.
And the man did that, that water that went to Atlahuilco, but because they loved San Isidro, it went there to Xoxocotla.
Dijo, “Ah, conejo”, dice, “tú comes toda mi milpa. Estás comiendo toda mi milpa, ajá.”
He said, “Ah, rabbit,” he says, “you are eating all of my field. You are eating all of my field, aha.”
22. Quilia, “Nimitzmi:ctiz.”
Dice, “Te voy a matar.”
He says, “I’ll kill you.”
23. Iban to:chi, to:chconejo, omógo:pqui iba omóguitzqui 'quim i:maba, quilí', “A:mo techmictiz,” quilí', “Xiguita,” quilia, “Yi mero tlamiz in xibitl. Ya yi timiguizque tinochti. Nochi tla:came, nochi nana:me, nochi te:tahme, nochti timiquizque.”
Y el conejo volvió, y se paró con las manos así, dice, “No vas a matarme”, dice, “Mira”, dice, “Muy pronto va a acabarse, muy pronto va a acabarse el año (mundo). Entonces nosotros todos vamos a morir. Todos los hombres, todas las mujeres, todas personas, todos vamos a morir.”
And the rabbit turned, and held his paws like this, he says, “You will not kill me,” he says, “Look,” he says, “Very soon the year (world) will end. Then we will all die. All men, all women, all people, we will all die.”
24. Quilia, “¿A:quin guicuaz in motlato:cal? Mientras axan ticate, tehhuan ma ticua:can. Ma nicua momil. Porque nochti timiquizque.”
Dice, “¿Quién comerá tu sembrado? Mientras ahora existimos, vamos a comer. Que yo coma tu milpa. Porque todos vamos a morir.”
He says, “Who will eat your planted field? While we exist now, let’s eat. Let me eat your field. Because we will all die.”
29. Quilia, “Porque za: polibi za: inin semana, za: inin semana ya yi. Ya yi titlamizque. Yi titlamizque nochi xibitl, noxtin titlamizque.”
Dice, “Porque sólo falta esta semana, sólo esta semana ya. Pronto ya nos vamos a acabar. Ya vamos a acabar con todos los años, nosotros todos vamos a acabar.”
He says, “Because it only lacks this week, just this week now. Soon we will perish. Then we will finish with all the years, we all will perish.”
30. Iba ocuálanqui 'n tetahtzi, quilia, “Mach ne:lli, amo melahca tlen tiguihtoba.”
Y se enojó el viejito, dice, “Tal vez es verdad, o tal vez no es verdad lo que dices.”
And the man got angry, he says, “ Perhaps it is true, or perhaps it is not true, what you say.”
He says, “I will tell you what you will do.”, he says.
33. Quilia, “Ximotlatlauhti ce cajón”, quilia, “Ximotlatlauhti ce cajón ma: michi:bilica. Iba miac, miac, miac me:gatl, miac arriata xico:ba o xictlahtla:ni, hua nimitziliz tle:n ticchi:baz.”
Dice, “Pida un cajón”, dice, “Pida un cajón, que lo hagan. Y mucho, mucho, mucho mecate, mucha arriata, cómpralo o tómalo prestado, y que yo te diga qué vas a hacer.”
He says, “Ask for a box,” he says, “Ask for a box, let them make it. And lots, lots, lots of rope, lots of cord, buy it or borrow it, and I’ll tell you what you’ll do.”
Dice, “Porque el agua va a comenzar”, dice, “Mucho, mucho, mucho va a llover. Mucho va a llover.”
He says, “Because the water will begin,” he says, “It will rain a lot, a lot, a lot. It will rain a lot.”
35. Iban quilia, “Nochi te:miz in a:tl hasta i:lbigac ahci:tin.”
Y dice, “Todo va a llenarse, el agua va llegando hasta el cielo.”
And he says, “Everything will fill up, the water goes to reach to the sky.”
36. Entonces quilia, “I:'ch ce hueyi cuabitl tiquilpiz in megatl, iban ompa ticalaquiz i'ch i' mocajo. Iban tiquilpiz in mocajo, iba ma: mitzbiga 'n atl, ma: mitzbiga, ma: mitzbiga, ma: mitzbiga, hasta cani ticaquiz titicuica -quihtoznequi ya yotiahcic in ilbigac.”
Entonces dice, “En un árbol grande amarrarás el mecate, y entonces te vas a meter en tu cajón. Y amarrarás el cajón, y que el agua te lleve, que te lleve, te lleve, te lleve, hasta donde oyes un tocado -quiere decir que ya llegaste en el cielo.”
Then he says, “You will tie the rope to a big tree, and then you will get in your box. And you will tie your box and let the water carry you, carry you, carry you, carry you, until you get to the place where you hear a bang -it means you reached the sky.”
37. Iban nelli íhcon oquichin29 tla:gatzih. Tetahtzi 'hcon oquichi.
Y de veras el hombrecito hizo eso. El viejito hizo eso.
And the man did just that. The man did that.
38. Ocalac i:'ch icajo, oguilpi megatl i'ch in tronco, iba ompa omótzaqui ocalac i:ban i:tzcuintzi i:'ch in cajo.
Se metió en su cajón, amarró el mecate al tronco, y entonces se encerró, se metió con su perra en el cajón.
He got in his box, tied the rope to the tree trunk, and then got in and closed himself and his dog in the box.
39. 'Ba ompa quibigac ini i:tlacual oquibigac in cahfen, oquibiga' cec' ahuardiente, cequi tláxcalli, miac tlámantli oguibigac i'ch in icostal.
Y llevó su comida allá, llevó café, llevó aguardiente, unas tortillas, muchas cosas llevó en su bolsa.
And he brought his food there, he brought coffee, he brought some cane liquor, some tortillas, many things he brought in his bag.
40. Iban omp' ocalac in i:'ch in i:cajo i:ba i:tzcui.
Y entró en su cajón allá con su perra.
And he got in his box there with his dog.
41. Iba nell' oyahc' ihquini hasta cuand' opéh quiabitl, miac quiabi, quiabi, quiabi.
Y de veras se quedó así hasta cuando comenzó la lluvia, mucho llueve, llueve, llueve.
And he really did stay like this until the rain began, lots of rain, rain, rain.
Y el hombre fue para trabajar, para sembrar unas matas de maíz, otra vez frijol, varias cosas sembrará.
And the man went to work planting some corn, more beans, he’ll plant various things.
51. Iban tiótlaqui cuando ahcigui, ya y' onca 'n tlaxcal, cequi cahfe, cequi chí:lmolli, cequi tláxcalli, oc cequi tlámantli onca, oc cequi tlámantli onca.
Y en la tarde cuando viene volviéndose, ya hay tortillas, café, chilmole, tortillas, otras cosa hay, otras cosa hay.
And in the evening when he comes back, there are already tortillas, some coffee, some chili sauce, some tortillas, there are other things, there are some other things.
Y otra vez llegó, otra vez ya hay tortillas, ya hay chilmole, tortillas calientes, y cuando llegó dice, “Bueno, pues, ¿Quién vino? ¿Si todos ya murieron? El único aquí soy yo.”
And again he arrived, again there were already tortillas, there was already some chilisauce, hot tortillas, and when he arrived he says, “Well then, who came here? If everyone has died? I’m the only one here.”
Sino que vino volviéndose temprano, y entonces vino mirando su casa, dice, “¿Quién hace el humo? Ya hicieron el fuego también. Parece que hace tortillas con él.”
He just came home early, and when he came to his house, he says, “Who is making the smoke already? And they already made the fire. As if someone is making tortillas with it.”
60. Cuanto yolihtzi ocalac in galihtic iba oquitac ce: cibatzintli 'quin, ompa tiztoc ompa tlacualchiba in cocina iban oquítzahtzili30 i:tzcuintzi, quilia, “Ahhh,” quilia, “Tehhuatzi,” guilí', “Teh, notzcui,” quilí', “Teh.”
Entonces despacito entró en la casa y vio una mujer así, allá haciendo tortillas, allá hace comida en la cocina, y le gritó a su perra, dice, “Ahhh”, dice, “Tú”, dice, “Mi perra”, dice, “Tú.”
Then he went very slowly into the house and saw a woman like this, making tortillas there, she was making food there in the kitchen, and he shouted to his dog, he says, “Ahhh,” he says, “You,” he says, “You, my dog,” he says, “You.”
Así se convirtió en una mujer, se enamoraron, ella y su dueño.
Like that she became a woman, they loved each other, she and her owner.
64. Huan ompah totahtzi in sol, totahtzin tlen tla:bia, oquili 'n palo:max, después quilia, “Teh”, quilia, “Teh, palomax, xitlachiati nugan tlán',” quilia, “¿A:guin tlapopo:tza? ¿Si neh nicmati que nochi yomicqueh? Áyecmo ihcah ompa yezqui.”
Y entonces nuestro padre el sol, nuestro padre que brilla, dijo a la paloma, luego le dice “Tú”, dice, “Tú, paloma, ve a ver allá abajo”, dice, “¿Quién está haciendo humo? ¿Si sé que todos ya murieron? Ya no quedan parados allá, se fueron.”
And then our father the sun, our father who shines, said to the dove, later he says, “You,” he says, “You, dove, go look down below,” he says, “Who is making smoke? If I know that everyone died? They are no longer standing there, they are gone.”
65. Iba nelli palo:max o:te:moc, otlachiato i:ban ipan e:ztli otlaccic in tlen, omicque.
Y de veras la paloma se bajó, fue mirando, y pisó en la sangre de los que murieron.
And the dove did go down, it went looking, and walked on the blood of those who died.
66. Ompa tlagazoc, huan oc cem' otlehcoc.
Allá perforó a la gente, y otra vez subió.
There he pierced the people, and he went up again.
67. Cuando otlehcoc, oquili 'n totahtzi, quilia, “Que:ma, yonitlachiato. Ompa cha:ntih.”
Cuando subió, le dijo a nuestro padre, dice, “Sí, fui allá y miré. Allá viven.”
When he went up, he said to our father, he says, “Yes, I went and looked around. They are living there.”
68. Quilia, “Áyicmo nimitznequi,” quilia, “Teh, xia, iba o:mpa ximogaban. Nogatla, tla:lpah. Áyicmo nimitznegi nica, porque otie:ssobac in mocxiban”, quilia, “Ompa ximogaba.”
Dice, “Ya no te quiero”, dice, “Tú, vete, y allá quédate. Allá abajo en la tierra. Ya no quiero que estés aqui, porque te ensangrentaste las patas”, dice, “Quédate alla.”
He says, “I don’t love you any more,” he says, “You, go, and stay there. Down below, on the earth. I no longer want you here, because you bloodied your feet,” he says, “Stay down there.”
Ahora así se acabó la historia porque bien se relata, porque se llama “El fin del mundo”, todos se murieron. Todos se acaban, morimos. Y entonces así se acaba.
And then the story ended like that because it is well told, because its name is “The End of the World”, everyone died. Everything ends, we die. And then it ends like that.
Y fue allá, se llama un lugarcito que se llama Jalapilla, fue allá, y al tiendero dice, “Mira, hombre”, dice, “Le venderé esta piedra.”
And he went there, it’s called, a little place called Jalapilla, he went there with it, and he said to the owner of the store, he says, “Look, mister,” he says, “I would like to sell you this stone.”
26. Iban oquihto 'n tientero, quihtoba, “Aaa,” quihtoba, “Cualtzi.”
Y dijo el tiendero, dice, “Aaa”, dice, “Bonito.”
And the shop owner said, he says, “Ahh,” he says, “Pretty.”
Dice, “Mira, hombre”, dice, “Troquemos”, dice, “Aquí está mi tienda, y mi coche, está en casa”, dice, “le doy todo. Mi casa, y mi coche, y mi tienda”, dice, “Quédate con todo por esta piedra”, dice, “Veré a dónde iré”, dice.
He says, “Look, mister”, he says, “let’s trade”, he says, “Here is my store, and my car, it’s at the house”, he says, “I’ll give you everything. My house, and my car, and my store”, he says, “Take everything for this stone”, he says, “I will see where I will go”, he says.
28. Huan tos in ta:ta 'n tlen quibiga 'n tetl, o sea 'n cualtiz ce guihtoz que inon tomi quibiga, quihtoba, “Neh, amo nicnequi calli, amo nicnequi tépoztli.” Quihtoba, “Neh, nicnequi tomi.”
Y entonces el hombre que lleva la piedra, o sea el que se puede decir que lleva oro, dice, “Yo, no quiero casa, no quiero carro.” Dice, “Yo quiero dinero.”
And then the man who is carrying the stone, that is, the one who it can be said is carrying money, says, “Me, I don’t want a house, I don’t want a car.” He says, “I want money.”
29. Quilia, “Bueno,” quilia, “Xiquita. Xiquita can tiaz,” quilia, “Porque neh amo nicpia miac tomi, pero nimitztlanilhuilia notienda, nogalihtic, iba notepoz.”
Dice, “Bueno”, dice, “Mira. Mira a donde irás”, dice, “Porque yo no tengo mucho dinero, pero te ofrezco mi tienda, mi casa, y mi coche.”
He says, “Okay”, he says, “Look. Look where you will go”, he says, “Because I don’t have much money, but I am offering you my store, my house and my car.”